Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids most notably beta-carotene.
Vitamin A has multiple functions: It is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system, and for good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary for both low-light which is called scotopic vision and color vision.
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Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid which is an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol, which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells. Why Iodine?
In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol chemically an alcohol in the small intestine. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal.
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